Federalists Essay

Linda Kerber described the predicaments of the Federalists, a political party whose members feared that popular democracy might spin out of control. Although they both fostered economic development, the Federalists were aware that an urban grassroots would result. The believers of the Federalist Party believed that Jefferson’s approach to politics was naive. The early stages of industrialization and urban growth were providing the ingredients of a working class; already existing was an unpredictable class of permanently poor who might well be available for mob action. The God or the religious beliefs of the Federalists often appeared to behave like a fourth branch of Government. They believed that religious obligation would reinforce moral obligation and would make popular government orderly and stable. On the other hand the Jeffersonian supporters felt they should break down the barrier of habitual morality (religion), with the interruption of education, habit and superstitions they were confident they would have a more positive vice. Drew R. McCoy spoke of â€Å"The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans†. Jefferson and his supporters predicted the challenges for the future of the United States. They were fearful of creating a dependent class; he envisioned huge tracts of land being farmed by righteous residents of the young republic. In keeping their independence from the British they encouraged production â€Å"within our families†, but for the finer manufactures, they would continue to rely on importations from abroad. New forms of employment needed to be created in order to keep the moral and political advantages of America up. The largest fears were of an uprising of the working class people and independent revolutions. Ben Franklin recognized that corruption could result from both natural and artificial causes. Jefferson was always faced with the reality of his plan failing constantly reminded by the thought of the decline of the Roman Empire. I found this Chapter to be the hardest to read, I researched other sources to understand and get through the politics of this chapter. I found the internet website www. answers. com/topic/republicans-jeffersonian to be most helpful. The reading and rational was made for the freshman U.  S. History student. I was able to acknowledge the fact that the Federalists Convention was the process of breaking free from the British Empire. By the mid-eighteenth century a large proportion of adult white males in the colonies possessed the suffrage while also enjoying the privileges of a free press and some freedom of religious worship The colonies in other words, had grown apart from the mother country, their inhabitants had begun to think of themselves as Americans, and, not surprisingly, they proved unreceptive to attempts to bring them to strengthen.

Compare the ways in which the closing of each text presents the ideas of justice and retribution in The Wife of Bath and Volpone Essay

In Jonson’s ‘Volpone’ and Chaucer’s ‘The Wife of Bath’s Tale’, both justice and retribution are an important feature throughout the texts as whole but especially so at the end of the texts. In each of the texts it is presented in a variety of different ways. In both texts the presentation of justice is very much dependant on the society in which the text is set and when the text is written. The two texts are both set and written in highly patriarchal societies and this is apparent in the texts themselves. In the ‘Wife of Bath’s Tale’ the person punishing the knight of his crime, is the queen. She does not punish him to death straight away as would have been the norm for a rape at this time (capital punishment was not seen as harsh or morally wrong in Chaucerian times and would not have been in the Arthurian times in which the tale is set), but instead gives him a chance of freedom, going against the societal norms, suggesting that maybe justice is not necessarily dependant on the society but the individual crime and prosecution. This could be a comment from Chaucer on how he feels about women in power, and considering the fact he is a male author writing for a male audience this would have been preferable to the views at the time. However the fact a woman has an opportunity to do this contradicts this. Differing from Chaucer, and in fact, his himself and his other plays Jonson, punishes the criminals in his play. This could be for comic effect as the as the punishments are ironic presentations of the crime or it could be the fact that around the time the play was published Jonson was implicated in the gun powder plot and it could be his conformation to the law and abiding by it. Both texts are set away from the place in which the audience is, whether by time or place.’Volpone’ is set in Venice, a town, at the time of writing, well known for being corrupt and ‘The Wife of Bath’s Tale’ is set in Arthurian England, allowing the authors of the texts license to portray the message they wish to their audience without having the text set to close to home. Both Jonson and Chaucer also have a heavy use of ironic justice in the ending of their texts. Jonson’s ‘Volpone’ implements this in the punishments/endings he gives his the characters, for example, through the entirety of the play, Celia is constantly concerned with how she is  objectified and how value is placed upon her, and after the trial, her marriage is ended and her dowry tripled, completely contradicting the view she has of herself. This example is linked with the patriarchal society as previously mentioned as at this time a woman was property of her father and then when she got married, property of her husband. Similarly the rest of the players in ‘Volpone’ are punished according to their crimes, Mosca’s status as a servant is reinforced, Corvino is publicly humiliated, like he threatened to with Celia and Corbaccio’s estates are given to his son Bonario despite Corbaccio’s wish to disinherit him throughout the entire p lay. Chaucer presents a slightly different type of ironic justice however, as the knight who is being charged is actually let off by the official courts as he manages to tell the queen what women want. However he is forced to marry the old hag whom told him the answer as he made a promise to her that he would. The knight himself says ‘ Allas,and weilaway! I woot right wel that swich was my biheste. For Goddes love, as chese a new request’. This is a use of hyperbole, emphasising the fact he does not wish to marry someone who is not of his choosing. This can be seen as ironic justice as he raped a maiden, taking away her choice, and now his own choice is being taken away. Saying this, by the end of the poem, the hag he is forced to marry turns into a beautiful woman, essentially negating his punishment and justifies his crime rather than punishing him and getting retribution for his victim. This is however, the woman’s choice, but it is possible that this is because she is given power, in the tale, which is what women want most, shown in the knights trial when he says ‘ â€Å"my lige lady, generally,† quod he, â€Å"wommen desiren to have sovereynet ee ,As wel over his housbond as hir love, And for too been in maistrie hym above†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, this can be seen as the knight once again over powering , although this time with what he has learnt rather than physical force, and getting what he wants , another way justice is not served Another way in which justice is distributed in the texts is the idea of justice and punishments due to the status of the ‘criminal’. This is shown in ‘Volpone’ when Mosca is punished for trying to over step his mark as a servant and elevate himself into the upper classes, by being punished forced to serve for the rest of his life. This is also mirrored slightly earlier in  the play, also with Mosca, as when the ‘Avvocato’ think Mosca is of high class they are more than happy to allow him to go free and even offer their daughters hand in marriage to him, whereas just moments later when he is revealed to be a servant he is grouped with the rest of the criminals, suggesting corruption in the justice system, which links back with the fact that it is set in Venice, which money is a vital part of. Similarly in the ‘Wife of Bath’ the knight’s status is used against him but in a slightly different way. In this case, his knighthood is called into question by his wife, the hag ,as he is not following the knightly code by ignoring her whilst in bed. ‘Taak fyr, and ber it in the derkeste hous Bitwix this and the mount of kaukasous, And lat men shette the dores and go thenne; Yet wole the fyr as faire lye and brenne As twenty thousand men myghte it biholde; His office natureel ay wol it holde, Up peril of my lyf, til that it dye.’ The use of the metaphor of the fire is the knights wife saying a fire will always behave like a fire, in any situation and he is expected to do the same. Both plays also have a justice system largely based on the punishment of ego and emotions rather than physical pain. The Knight is forced to be with someone that if he is seen in public with he will be judged and mocked and many of the crimes in Volpone are fitting of the crimes. However the rape in the tale is not put forward by the victim but instead is punished by society who takes responsibility for the nameless victim, whereas in Volpone this is not the case. Overall justice and retribution are not really portrayed as things that are set in stone or that should be followed exactly; instead in both texts the punishments are somewhat lax for the crimes that are committed. It is clear that in each text that a comment is being made on the justice system of the time, and although both texts are set away from their writing place, obvious, especially with the heavy use of irony. Also there is a lot of hyperbole in both texts adding to the fact that the authors a commenting on the imperfections in the justice systems.

Bloom’s Taxonomy Essay

The Bloom’s Wheel, according to the Bloom’s verbs and matching assessment types. The verbs are intended to be feasible and measurable. Bloom’s Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals[1] (referred to as simply â€Å"the Handbook† below). Although named after Bloom, the publication followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations.[2][3] It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom’s Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three â€Å"domains†: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described asknowing/head, feeling /heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.[4] A goal of Bloom’s Taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.[1] A revised version of the taxonomy was created in 2000.[5][6][7] Bloom’s Taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community as evidenced in the 1981 survey Significant writings that have influenced the curriculum: 1906-1981, by H.G. Shane and the 1994 yearbook of theNational Society for the Study of Education. A mythology has grown around the taxonomy, possibly due to many people learning about the taxonomy through second hand information. Bloom himself considered the Handbook,[1] â€Å"One of the most widely cited yet least read books in American education.†[3] Key to understanding the taxonomy and its revisions, variations, and addenda over the years is an understanding that the original Handbook[1] in 1956 was intended only to have focus on one of the three domains (as indicated in the domain specification in title: The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I: Cognitive Domain), but there was expectation that additional material would be generated for the other domains (as indicated in the numbering of the handbook in the title). The second volume, Handbook II: Affective Domain edited by David Krathwohl was published in 1964.[8] There was no Handbook of and III for the Psychomotor domain published by the committee as the consensus was that (as college level academics) they lacked the necessary experience to do the job properly.[3] Substitute domain taxonomies have been published by various authors to fill the gap.. Bloom also considered the initial effort to be a starting point, as evidenced in a memorandum from 1971 in which he said, â€Å"Ideally each major field should have its own taxonomy in its own language – more detailed, closer to the special language and thinking of its experts, reflecting its own appropriate sub-divisions and levels of education, with possible new categories, combinations of categories and omitting categories as appropriate.†[5] Cognitive Categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) Skills in the cognitive domain revolve around knowledge, comprehension, and critical thinking of a particular topic. Traditional education tends to emphasize the skills in this domain, particularly the lower-order objectives. There are six levels in the taxonomy, moving through the lowest order processes to the highest: ]Knowledge Exhibit memory of previously learned materials by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers * Knowledge of specifics – terminology, specific facts * Knowledge of ways and means of dealing with specifics – conventions, trends and sequences, classifications and categories, criteria, methodology * Knowledge of the universals and abstractions in a field – principles and generalizations, theories and structures Questions like: What are the health benefits of eating apples? Comprehension Demonstrative understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas * Translation * Interpretation * Extrapolation Questions like: Compare the health benefits of eating apples vs. orange. Application Using new knowledge. Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way Questions like: Which kinds of apples are best for baking a pie, and why? Analysis Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations * Analysis of elements * Analysis of relationships * Analysis of organizational principles Questions like: List four ways of serving foods made with apples and explain which ones have the highest health benefits. Provide references to support your statements. Synthesis Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions * Production of a unique communication * Production of a plan, or proposed set of operations * Derivation of a set of abstract relations Questions like: Convert an â€Å"unhealthy† recipe for apple pie to a â€Å"healthy† recipe by replacing your choice of ingredients. Explain the health benefits of using the ingredients you chose vs. the original ones. Evaluation Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas or quality of work based on a set of criteria * Judgments in terms of internal evidence * Judgments in terms of external criteria Questions like: Do you feel that serving apple pie for an after school snack for children is healthy? Affective Skills in the affective domain describe the way people react emotionally and their ability to feel another living thing’s pain or joy. Affective objectives typically target the awareness and growth inattitudes, emotion, and feelings. There are five levels in the affective domain moving through the lowest order processes to the highest: Receiving The lowest level; the student passively pays attention. Without this level no learning can occur. Responding The student actively participates in the learning process, not only attends to a stimulus; the student also reacts in some way. Valuing The student attaches a value to an object, phenomenon, or piece of information. Organizing The student can put together different values, information, and ideas and accommodate them within his/her own schema; comparing, relating and elaborating on what has been learned. Characterizing The student holds a particular value or belief that now exerts influence on his/her behaviour so that it becomes a characteristic. Psychomotor Skills in the psychomotor domain describe the ability to physically manipulate a tool or instrument like a hand or a hammer. Psychomotor objectives usually focus on change and/or development in behavior and/or skills. Bloom and his colleagues never created subcategories for skills in the psychomotor domain, but since then other educators have created their own psychomotor taxonomies.[12] Simpson (1972) among other contributors, such as Harrow (1972) and Dave (1967), created a Psychomotor Taxonomy that helps to explain the behavior of typical learners or high performance athletes. The proposed levels are: Perception The ability to use sensory cues to guide motor activity. This ranges from sensory stimulation, through cue selection, to translation. Examples: Detects non-verbal communication cues. Estimate where a ball will land after it is thrown and then moving to the correct location to catch the ball. Adjusts heat of stove to correct temperature by smell and taste of food. Adjusts the height of the forks on a forklift by comparing where the forks are in relation to the pallet. Key Words: chooses, describes, detects, differentiates, distinguishes, identifies, isolates, relates, selects. Set Readiness to act. It includes mental, physical, and emotional sets. These three sets are dispositions that predetermine a person’s response to different situations (sometimes called mindsets). Examples: Knows and acts upon a sequence of steps in a manufacturing process. Recognize one’s abilities and limitations. Shows desire to learn a new process (motivation). NOTE: This subdivision of Psychomotor is closely related with the â€Å"Responding to phenomena† subdivision of the Affective domain. Key Words: begins, displays, explains, moves, proceeds, reacts, shows, states, volunteers. Guided Response The early stages in learning a complex skill that includes imitation and trial and error. Adequacy of performance is achieved by practicing. Examples: Performs a mathematical equation as demonstrated. Follows instructions to build a model. Responds to hand-signals of instructor while learning to operate a forklift. Key Words: copies, traces, follows, react, reproduce, responds Mechanism This is the intermediate stage in learning a complex skill. Learned responses have become habitual and the movements can be performed with some confidence and proficiency. Examples: Use a personal computer. Repair a leaking faucet. Drive a car. Key Words: assembles, calibrates, constructs, dismantles, displays, fastens, fixes, grinds, heats, manipulates, measures, mends, mixes, organizes, sketches. Complex Overt Response The skillful performance of motor acts that involve complex movement patterns. Proficiency is indicated by a quick, accurate, and highly coordinated performance, requiring a minimum of energy. This category includes performing without hesitation, and automatic performance. For example, players will often utter sounds of satisfaction or expletives as soon as they hit a tennis ball or throw a football, because they can tell by the feel of the act what the result will produce. Examples: Maneuvers a car into a tight parallel parking spot. Operates a computer quickly and accurately. Displays competence while playing the piano. Key Words: assembles, builds, calibrates, constructs, dismantles, displays, fastens, fixes, grinds, heats, manipulates, measures, mends, mixes, organizes, sketches. NOTE: The Key Words are the same as Mechanism, but will have adverbs or adjectives that indicate that the performance is quicker, better, more accurate, etc. Adaptation Skills are well developed and the individual can modify movement patterns to fit special requirements. Examples: Responds effectively to unexpected experiences. Modifies instruction to meet the needs of the learners. Perform a task with a machine that it was not originally intended to do (machine is not damaged and there is no danger in performing the new task). Key Words: adapts, alters, changes, rearranges, reorganizes, revises, varies. Origination Creating new movement patterns to fit a particular situation or specific problem. Learning outcomes emphasize creativity based upon highly developed skills. Examples: Constructs a new theory. Develops a new and comprehensive training programming. Creates a new gymnastic routine. Key Words: arranges, builds, combines, composes, constructs, creates, designs, initiate, makes, originates. Definition of Knowledge In the appendix to Handbook I, there is a definition of knowledge which serves as the apex for an alternative, summary classification of the educational goals. This is significant as the Taxonomy has been called upon significantly in other fields such as knowledge management, potentially out of context â€Å"| Knowledge, as defined here, involves the recall of specifics and universals, the recall of methods and processes, or the recall of a pattern, structure, or setting. (Bloom et al. 1956 p 201)| †| The taxonomy is set out: * 1.00 Knowledge * 1.10 Knowledge of Specifics * 1.11 Knowledge of Terminology * 1.12 Knowledge of Specific Facts * 1.20 Knowledge of Ways and Means of Dealing with Specifics * 1.21 Knowledge of Conventions * 1.22 Knowledge of Trends and Sequences * 1.23 Knowledge of Classifications and Categories * 1.24 Knowledge of Criteria * 1.25 Knowledge of Methodology * 1.30 Knowledge of The Universals and Abstractions in a Field * 1.31 Knowledge of Principles and Generalizations * 1.32 Knowledge of Theories and Structures (Bloom et al. 1956 p 201-204) Criticism of the Taxonomy As Morshead pointed out on the publication of the second volume, the classification wasn’t a properly constructed taxonomy, as it lacked a systemic rationale of construction. This was subsequently acknowledged in the discussion of the original taxonomy by Krathwohl et al. in the revision of the taxonomy and the taxonomy reestablished on more systematic lines. It is generally considered that the role the taxonomy played in systematising a field was more important than any perceived lack of rigour in its construction. Some critiques of Bloom’s Taxonomy’s (cognitive domain) admit the existence of these six categories, but question the existence of a sequential, hierarchical link. Also the revised edition of Bloom’s taxonomy has moved Synthesis in higher order than Evaluation. Some consider the three lowest levels as hierarchically ordered, but the three higher levels as parallel. Others say that it is sometimes better to move to Application before introducing concepts[citation needed]. This thinking would seem to relate to the method of problem-based learning.

PURCHASING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PURCHASING - Essay Example We can say that when we need to perform any specific task regarding some sort of activity, we need to have some related goods and services available for us in order to perform that activity. And attainment of those goods and services is referred to as purchasing. If we talk about hotels and restaurants, purchases mean to acquire those goods and services which we need to have in our hands for the purpose of successful operations of the restaurant. If these goods and services are to the management of the restaurant right at the time when they are needed, the restaurant will be able to operate its functions efficiently and effectively. But when they are not available or accessible for the management of the restaurant at the desired time, it will become very difficult for the restaurant to maintain its level of reliability and public’s confidence stable. So we can say that purchasing is one of the most important factors which are to be taken into consideration by the management of the restaurant or any other organization in order to perform all the related functions successfully. Purchasing, in the present era, has undergone various changes and developments in several organizations. If we talk about restaurants, management of the process of purchasing has gained great importance for maintaining a stabilized level of supply to demand management. If we talk about the required set of skills and abilities for the management of a restaurant, we should say that now relatively high level pf skills and abilities are required for the successful operation of the purchasing process in any restaurant because of the factor of competition among the restaurants. Gadde and Hakansson (1993) found that purchasing is seen as one of the key strategic functions to be performed effectively by the management of an organization in order to get competitive advantage among several

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Law Questions - Essay Example The third element of a contract is Contractual capacity. Those entering contracts must be legally competent and have the legal capacity to enter a contract. The fourth element of a contract is legality. The contract has to be legal and not against public policy (211). Thank you for contacting me regarding the unsolicited order and invoice that you received from Hot Air, Inc. I have reviewed the information you presented and can provide you assurance, based on the information given, that you are under no obligation to Hot Air, Inc. for the receipt of the mentioned merchandise. One of the four elements of a valid contract would be ‘agreement’, which would consist of an offer, and an acceptance of that offer. (Clarkson et al. 225) No authorized representative of your company accepted this unsolicited offer, which provides a solid defense. This would fall under the category of an implied-in-fact contract, if you had not returned the merchandise. With an implied-in-fact contract, the conduct of each party, rather than words, would define the terms of the agreement. (215). No words were used, so the remaining question would be is if your actions after receiving the unsolicited goods could constitute a binding contract. (215). This appears not to be the case. In contract law, an offer is â€Å"a promise to or commitment to do or refrain from doing some specified thing in the future.† (Clarkson et al. 225) One of the terms of an offer is â€Å"it must be communicated by the offeror to the offeree, resulting the the offeree’s knowledge of the offer† (225). The ‘reasonable person’ standard is important. Under the reasonable person standard, someone’s words or conduct are taken to mean what a reasonable person in the offeree’s position would think or do. (228). I understand that the blower was held in the mailroom for a couple of weeks and at least one or more people in the receiving department

Ethics even in the Worst Circumstances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics even in the Worst Circumstances - Essay Example This philosophy was clearly exemplified by one parent, a former FBI agent, who urged his son to turn himself in and face the legal consequences for the murders his son admittedly committed. The current essay aims to proffer pertinent issues that surround ethics even in the worst circumstances. A story written by the Associated Press and published in The Augusta Chronicle narrated the story of John Cook, a former FBI agent, who was faced with the confounding ethical dilemma of duty, prevailing on doing the right things, and respecting the moral law despite knowing that it is his son, Andrew Cook, who is to be convicted. The initial reaction for parents when children face challenges and trials in life is to be supportive and to provide whatever assistance is necessary. In this case, Andrew Cook committed murders of two university students, supposedly for no apparent reasons (Associated Press par. 11). When his father confronted him to determine the veracity of the allegations, Andrew admitted he murdered those students. Despite the pain and the initial natural response to protect his son from impending conviction, his concept of good will prevailed, consistent with Kant’s philosophy. The story clearly indicates that the concept of doing right, conformity to morality and legal rules, codes of conduct and proper behavior, is universal. Parents could not hide their children who erred from justice. In worst circumstances, no one could hide from the law: not even a former FBI agent could protect his son from the imposition of justice. In the end, justice will still

College Edcuation vs. Life Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

College Edcuation vs. Life Experience - Essay Example Young people often feel pressure to get on with their adult lives; they've just finished high school and can't imagine spending one more day in school than what was already required. They feel there is no time for more schooling; they must begin to explore life. Their anxiety to overcome the fear of the unknown makes them edgy to take on anything requiring their time and energy the way academics do. When in doubt, go to college; it is the key that opens the door to a life of extreme potential in many areas. An individual learns many things in life; every area of learning must be explored. There are some levels of learning that can only be done academically; especially at the higher level. College opens the door to a lifelong process of learning not only professionally, but also on the personal level. A college student is exposed to many different philosophies on a wide variety of topics; gaining a very broad view of the surrounding world. In essence, they begin a journey that, by its very nature, ensures a civilized approach to life. As children we grow and develop physically, spiritually, mentally, emotionally, and begin to gain experience in controlling our environments and destinies. We never lose the need for learning, as life constantly presents us with many lessons aimed at our growth and development in every area. The reason for formalized education isn't just about academics, it involves so much more. Research indicates that college graduates come out ahead in nearly every area of life. They make better health, financial, social, and longevity choices; taking less unnecessary risks. They have a higher quality of life and experience more personal satisfaction and self-actualization than people who never go beyond high school. College graduates are much more successful in separating from their families of origin in the developmental quest for independence too. They are associated less with crime and incarceration, do more volunteer work, and have more sel f-confidence in meeting with life's challenges. In short, they adapt better to the challenges of the world around them. College graduates tend to be lifelong learners, preferring to obtain facts when making decisions. They learn how to do research to find what is needed to make informed decisions. Many of them seek out positions in government where they can use their critical thinking and social networking skills to advocate for the underprivileged; making an impact in their surrounding environment. They stand up against moral corruption, injustice, and support practices for liberty. Knowledge is power. Every civilized nation in the world espouses the education of its people. Where you see abject poverty, it is usually poverty across all levels, not just financial poverty. The most serious poverty anywhere is the poverty of the spirit, where people give up the hope that life can one day get better. Often corrupt governments frustrate the education of their people in order to keep th em in ignorance and prevent the overthrow of the regime. Where there is hopelessness, there is also slavery. Many Third World nation governments keep their countries controlled through controlling the educational level and quality. Educated people are powerful people; they are the movers and shakers of society. They operate from a position of self-confidence and stand up for what's right; quickly putting down what is harmful to the society at large, making college

Images of Japan Within and Without Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Images of Japan Within and Without - Term Paper Example It is characterized by rudimentary agriculture and pit dwellings (Walt, 1980). Decorated clay vessels are examples of the oldest surviving world pottery. Japan was also characterized by Neolithic and Mesolithic culture of semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer. Japanese culture has evolved from its origin. This study is aimed at examining the images of Japan within and without. These include Japan and Japanese images in the western world. The primary objective is to determine the kinds of images, and how Japan has been seen by the outside world - western images and western myths. The other area of interest is the nationalism of Japan together with key aspects of change in the country; home and family in Japan’s continuity and transformation. Japan as Seen by the Outside World- Western Images and Myths Japan is seen by the western world as a country of cherry trees and volcanoes. Japan’s icons are cherry blossoms and volcano Fudzijama. This makes Japan to be viewed as a loyal, h onorable and brave country. Samurai traditions demand that profits to Japanese only be second to prestige and honor. The virtues of old warriors were courage, loyalty and endurance, which smoothly translated into managerial skills (Black, 1999). Japan is also an isolated country with great contradictions. It has booming cities in the south, which are beautiful and peaceful (Escola & Rikkinen, 1976). This is an indication that Japanese people are hard working and group oriented. According to Totman (2005), the tradition of Japan has been working together by discussion and agreement. Japanese people are hardworking and highly skilled. Japan is also clean and neat. The garden has little stream, waterfall and small bridges. There are also manicured paths shrubs, rocks and flowers. It therefore, has the image of being very neat and cleans (Clavell, 1998). Japan is also seen as unique and different for many years remaining an unresolved riddle and enigma. Though it is in Asia, it is so we sternized, unlike any other country of Asia. It is uniquely adaptable countries where modernity and traditions are consisting of one continuum (Whitney, 1967). In the entire world, Japanese are known to be polite and courteous people (Clement, 1906). Littlewoods (1996) says that Japan’s idea on western images and myths is that different western countries have different views towards Japan. On the other hand, European images also differ from American images. The west has always been seen as an industrialized, urbanized, capitalist, modernized and highly developed. Its concept is therefore a product of 16th century historical processes as people tend to divide the world into west and non west, Japan’s position becomes confusing. The images are based on old pictures and descriptions. The historical perspective of Japanese images is mainly based on historical notes and books written by authors from the west. Historians have for a long time debated on the seclusion of Japan . Few European works in description of Japan, appeared during the period of seclusion, and were exclusively attached to the Dutch factory. Although there were several information limitations, Kaempfer formed the most popular western image in Japan (Clavell, 1998). The two compilations that were widely read were published in New York and London, two years before the expedition of Perry. Perry’s arrival in Uraga was especially felt because of his decorative fine arts. It was also conspicuous in architecture ceramics, religious studies dance, fashion, interior design, literature and landscape gardening among others. The interest of Americans and European first rose from observable images, without an intermediary aid. The popular Japanese imaginations were stirred by fans, curios, kites, parasols, combs,

Asset Management Discussion Post 6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asset Management Discussion Post 6 - Coursework Example For purposes of recording keeping, a broker may inquire about the customer’s name, address, and date of birth, driver’s license, employment status, annual income, and net worth. This information helps to verify identification of the client and check whether the client appears in any known or suspected terrorists groups or agencies. Other questions would be whether a brokerage firm and their annual income employ them. Details of telephone number and account investment objectives are also crucial questions. This information must be obtained in good faith but if the customer neglects to provide such information then a broker can break the rule of good faith in obtaining such information. As a broker, questions asked must be periodically repeated to check accuracy over a certain period. According to the SECs, rules every brokerage firm is required to send information obtained from a client periodically for verification (Markham, 2014). There are certain characteristics that a client must possess for the investment to make sense. The main characteristic of the client is the suitability for investments. The broker might inquire about the income of the client and their net worth. The broker may inquire about security holdings, risk tolerance, and investment objectives of the client. All this is contents that must be there for one to be deemed suitable to create a portfolio in any

Short Critical Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Critical Reflection Paper - Essay Example If I was allowed to guess the structure of the Web 3.0, I would embed nearly all the five senses that the human beings have within their folds. This would give me a better understanding of things that are related with the Internet and which bring success to their domains. There would hence be more participation by the members of the Internet and hence Web 3.0 would bring in more value for the sake of the users without any doubt (Green, 2011). Email seems to be a thing of the past as far as the teenagers are concerned. This is because they do not believe that emailing to their friends and family members is anywhere close to being their own selves, and they would rather send text messages on the phone or even call up the other party instead of emailing which has never been a hit with the teenagers (Lundby, 2011). Therefore it is a fact that emailing within teenagers is dead and would not come back until a new technology is

Advanced Critical Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Critical Writing - Essay Example In addition, the demand for tried and tested Mercedes –Benz is also increasing. Lastly, more current and prospective clients are eager to buy the Audi cars. The Audi cars are composed of the quality Volkswagen parts. The article further states that the demand for cars in the German car market segment had increased by an estimated 10 percent. In order to increase their car sales, the article excellent shows that the car manufacturing companies had to offer discounts to its current and prospective clients. The economic theory of demand states as the prices of goods and commodities decline (through the offer of discounts), the demand for the car manufacturing company’s products increase. The article shows facts stating the increase in the demands for the have actually increased due to the discounts given to the company’s present and future clients. The article shows that Peugeot – Citroen’s parent company, PSA, generated a huge financial for the prior year. Specifically, the Peugeot - Citroen’s parent company, PSA generated a net loss of â‚ ¬92,000,000 ($121 m). The article correctly warns that General Motors did not reveal its actual global losses. General Motors is the car manufacturer of Opel – Vauxhall). In addition, the article correctly shows an article to confirm the General Motors car, Opel – Vauxhill. The additional car sales loss amounted to $14 billion. The European car sales figures had continued to drop below the poverty level because the client’s car sales had declined for the past four years of painstaking car marketing. Specifically, the school’s academic references persuading the readers to study the statistic car figures as a way to understand the financial statements. Even then the European Car manufactures state that the South Korean brands are better sellers compared to the many European Brands. Next, the article shows excellently includes the primary and secondary references in terms of degree of

Performance Art Essay Example for Free

Performance Art Essay Performance art is an essentially contested concept: any single definition of it implies the recognition of rival uses. As concepts like democracy or art, it implies productive disagreement with itself. [1] The meaning of the term in the narrower sense is related to postmodernist traditions in Western culture. From about the mid-1960s into the 1970s, often derived from concepts of visual art, with respect to Antonin Artaud, Dada, the Situationists, Fluxus, Installation art, and Conceptual Art, performance art tended to be defined as an antithesis to theatre, challenging orthodox art forms and cultural norms. The ideal had been an ephemeral and authentic experience for performer and audience in an event that could not be repeated, captured or purchased. [2] The in this time widely discussed difference, how concepts of visual arts and concepts of performing arts are utilized, can determine the meanings of a performance art presentation (compare Performance: A Critical Introduction by Marvin Carlson, P. 103,2-105,1). Performance art is a term usually reserved to refer to a conceptual art which conveys a content-based meaning in a more drama-related sense, rather than being simple performance for its own sake for entertainment purposes. It largely refers to a performance presented to an audience, but which does not seek to present a conventional theatrical play or a formal linear narrative, or which alternately does not seek to depict a set of fictitious characters in formal scripted interactions. It therefore can include action or spoken word as a communication between the artist and audience, or even ignore expectations of an audience, rather than following a script written beforehand. Some kinds of performance art nevertheless can be close to performing arts. Such performance may utilize a script or create a fictitious dramatic setting, but still constitute performance art in that it does not seek to follow the usual dramatic norm of creating a fictitious setting with a linear script which follows conventional real-world dynamics; rather, it would intentionally seek to satirize or to transcend the usual real-world dynamics which are used in conventional theatrical plays. Performance artists often challenge the audience to think in new and unconventional ways, break conventions of traditional arts, and break down conventional ideas about what art is. As long as the performer does not become a player who repeats a role, performance art can include satirical elements (compare Blue Man Group); utilize robots and machines as performers, as in pieces of the Survival Research Laboratories; involve ritualised elements (e. . Shaun Caton); or borrow elements of any performing arts such as dance, music, and circus. Some artists, e. g. the Viennese Actionists and neo-Dadaists, prefer to use the terms live art, action art, actions, intervention (see art intervention) or manoeuvre to describe their performing activities. As genres of performance art appear body art, fluxus-performance, happening, action poetry, and intermedia.

Political Theory and Diversity

Political Theory and Diversity Diversity In the political term, the word diversity (or simply diverse) is utilized in order to describe the different political entities such as the neighborhoods, cities, nations, student bodies and others with the members who have such differences identifiable within their backgrounds or lifestyles. The word itself, diversity, has definitely encompasses the racial differences or the ethnic classifications, age, gender, philosophy, religion, physical abilities, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background or even gender identity, intelligence, in inclusion also are the mental health, physical health, generic attributes, behavior, attractiveness, place of origin, cultural values or the political views. Sometimes, it also includes the other identifying features. The political belief that is supporting the idea of diversity as very valuable and desirable hold such a recognizing factor that also promotes the different diverse cultures that could aid communication between people of the different backgrounds and also lifestyles. In turn, this will lead to the greater knowledge, understanding and peaceful coexistence between the proponents of the particular group. in exemplifying the said concept, â€Å"Respect for Diversity† is considered to be one of the principles of the Global Greens Charter, this is a manifesto subscribing to the Green parties around the world. In great contrast to this, the political orientation that is promoting the cultural assimilation is actually a process leading to these ends. In this sense, the utilization of diversity is also an extension to the American academe to the attempt of creating a really diverse student body which typically supports the recruitment of the African-American or a person with Latina background as well as the women in the field wherein women are historically underrepresented. Such area includes sciences. On the other hand, the discussion of diversity in business can be explained in the â€Å"business case for diversity†, this one is an assumption that in the globally competitive marketplace, demographics can be better understood by the company who is open in employing a diverse workforce, so that means, both men and women, people of many generations, people from different ethnic and racially diverse backgrounds). Such demographics of the marketplace it is serving is thus can better equipped in thriving the marketplace than a company who is very limited in their range of employee demographics. An additional consequence is suggestive that that the company can actually support the diversity of its workforce and thereby improve the satisfaction of the employee, their productivity and also their retention. This inclusion of the business case is relating that an organization will utilize its various relevant diversities. In the scenario of a diverse workforce, the employer takes a l ittle or a no advantage of the experience then in turn it cannot, in any way, monetize whatever the beneficial backgrounds that diversity could offer. The employers of the United States are restricted by the federal and state laws from the race and ethnicity that they might put in the consideration in the hiring or assigning of the employees, no matter what their motive in doing so. The implementation of diversity issues changes over time, this is actually depending on the local history and in the dynamic conditions. The said diversity program is usually very limited to the large scale employers, the government agencies and in the businesses. The rapid demographic changes faced by the businesses in their local labor pool help the people to work and also understand the certain justification with each other. The human resources is oftentimes been limited by the implementation of diversity, this is due to the fact that it is being utilized by the UK companies as a good economic case that could be set as a tool in reaching the new market shares. In the legal frameworks of the term diversity, the US anti-discrimination law is restricting the employers in the purposely giving out considerations to the preferences of the customer as they are being served by the employees of a given gender, ethic group or color. In the general scenario, the laws are also prohibiting the consideration based on the religion, although admittedly, the law is allowing major exceptions in this provision for the religious organizations. The anti-discrimination laws, such as DDA in the UK, are a tool in the forceful awareness of the companies in diversity. The Building a Better Legal Profession is the law student organization that can generate the significant controversies in October 2007 in their reports stating that the most private law firms themselves are lacking the demographic diversity. In diversity, the concept of diversity jurisdiction is also applicable. In the United States law, the term is often used in the civil procedures that is in reference to the situation in which the federal district court of the United States having the actual subject matter jurisdiction in hearing the civil cases which are due to the parties having the diverse in citizenship. Generally, it is an indication that the people of the different states in inclusion of the corporate parties and the non-US citizens are generally citizens of the particular place. The diversity jurisdiction and the federal question jurisdiction, such as the jurisdiction over the issues arising under the federal law, is a constituent of the two primary sources wherein the subject matter of jurisdiction is in the United States federal courts. The Article III of the United States constitution is opting that the US Congress has the power to allow the federal courts to hear out the diversity cases though legislative a uthorization such as the jurisdiction. The said provision was included due to the reason that the framers of the Constitution were concerned that in the scenario wherein a case was brought in one state in the involvement of the parties from both that state and another, the court of the particular state might have biases towards the party from their own states. The Congress first exercised that the power and the granted federal trial district courts has a diversity jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1789. At present, the diversity jurisdiction is codified as the 28 USC 1332.

Critically analyse existing culture and context of care nursing essay

Critically analyse existing culture and context of care nursing essay Firstly, it is necessary to give a few core definitions to the topic and put in into it into a context. Practice development (PD) has been widely defined by many authors and professionals. Following it is possible to finda selection of some of the most accurate and well-known definitions. Firstly, Joyce (1999, p. 109) defines Practice Development as the implementation of initiatives that promote change or maintain good practice in order to enhance care. The latter is undoubtedly a very concise definition. Further extended definitions were provided by, in example, McCormack et al (2004), who consider practice development as a continuous process of improvement in order to increase effectiveness in patient-centered care through the enable of nurses and health care teams to transform the culture and context of care. Simmons (2003, p. 37) argues that practice development is in fact supported by a series of facilitators committed to a systematic, rigorous, continuous process of emancipatory change (Simmons, 2003, p. 37). The latter statement refers to emancipatory practice development, one of the two approaches to PD, together with technical practice development, and which has lately been joined by a third type: transformational Practice Development (Dewing, 2008, p. 134) Definitions and studies on Practice development are, obviously also addressed to maximize quality and benefits of nursing PD. Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p. 264) stated that the main issues to be considered in the changes and characteristics of the context of nursing care are: the influence of PD in the learning of the staff in the health organisation and the robustness of the evidence upon which the development is based . Practice development in patient care must also be encouraged and directed in order to have a forwarding vision and to guess how and what the service and initiatives must look like, always eliminating boundaries, or at least challenging them (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 406). It is important to note that, in practice development, organisation and professional learning should never develop independently. Since the organisation must be a learning place, it is necessary to classify the achievable types of knowledge (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 264). Depending on the author it is possible to find different classifications of such knowledge. In fact, according to Clarke and Wilcockson (2002, p. 398) knowledge can be: distal or proximal. The former is also known as knowledge for practice and the latter as knowledge from practice (that depends on the contextual issues within the environment like staffing levels). To bring together both knowledges is the most common desire: a synthesis of scientific theoretical, experimental and personal knowledge. Concretely in this case, nurses of the health organisation, as professionals, can hold knowledge for the organisation itself and create theories of action and strategies. As a matter of fact to analyse an organizations knowledge and influence of its practice developments, soft system methodology is used. Such technique approach problems actively and focuses the research on encouraging change rather than just analysing and describing the problem (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 265). As Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p.399) state, soft system methodology develops models of relevance to the real world, or practice situation, in order to achieve greater and more successful changes. The most important part of the system is the analysis of the data recollected since it permits the creation of a general picture about the impact of practice developments within the chosen organisation and on its individuals (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 399 401). In recent years it has been created a debate about the application of research-based knowledge and the implementation of evidence-based practice. Its advantages are clear but it also has a few disadvantages including the possible lack of skills in research critique, the lack of interest of the individual to any available written knowledge or the lack of conformity with the evidence (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397). The considered solution to some of the barriers may be to implement and encourage education within the organisation in order to promote individual skills. In the light of this information, the implementation will be successfully achieved when evidence is scientifically firm, when the context is receptive to change with sympathetic cultures, the feedback system works satisfactorily and there is an appropriate monitoring and leadership (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 578). But the most important factor would be the existence of facilitators for the change, which could be extern al or internal. Firstly, it is necessary to define the term facilitation. It is a concept emerged from both student-centred learning and counselling, which is influenced by humanistic psychology, as Harvey et al (2002, p. 580) mentioned. It refers to a process of enabling individuals and groups to understand the processes they have to go through to change aspects of their behaviour, or attitudes to themselves, their work or other individuals (Marshall and Mclean, 1988). The term has been used in different disciplines, inside and outside the health care field. Therefore, facilitation is the process of encouraging experimental learning through critical reflection, helping organisations and professionals to understand what they need to change and how they should do it in order to achieve the before mentioned evidence-based practice. A more simplified definition, by Kitson et al (as recollected in Harvey et al, 2002, p. 579) describes facilitation as a technique by which one person makes things easier for others. The fact is that in all definitions the term change is included and there are a series of strategies considered to be effective promoting such change like educational outreach visits, audits, feedback and even a marketing approach. Existing practices are challenged and individuals within the organization must embrace new theoretical approaches to improve their practices. It has been proved, that a combination of various approaches is the most effective way of facilitation. One facilitation model could be the Oxford Model of facilitation, created in the first half of the 1980s and which consists in the introduction of more systematic approaches to the prevention of coronary heart diseases and in order to support the creation of more health checks and regular screenings for high-risk patients (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 580). The facilitation process, then, involves facilitators using a range of interpersonal and group skills to achieve the desired change. Literature shows that facilitation in evidence-based practice development addresses the following issues: facilitating change, evidence translation and communication, responding to external influences and agendas, education and life-long learning, getting research into practice and audit and quality initiatives. (Dewing, 2008, p. 136). INTENSIVE CARE NURSING Applying the theory developed before more concretely to the intensive care nursing field, it goes without doubt that nurses can improve patient recovery by using the mentioned before patient -centered care, and, as the Guidance for nurse staffing in critical care (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259) points out by applying pro-active management and vigilance, coping with unpredictable events and providing emotional support. The effectiveness of the nurses improves with proactive prediction and prevention of any possible complications and prompt and skilled intervention in the event of sudden deterioration (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259). Carroll carried out an study which has several useful applications into the nursing care field. Carroll (1997, p. 210) then, identified seven of the most used facilitators in nursing practice according to the answers of a series of participants. The most frequently cited facilitator was the need to have more time available to review and implement research findings. The other six cited facilitators were: conducting more clinically focused relevant research, improving availability/accessibility of research reports, enhancing administrative support and encouragement, providing colleagues support networks/mechanisms, advanced education/increasing research knowledge base, improving the understanding of research reports. (Carroll, 1997, table 2) Barriers to the development of advanced practice in nursing include resistance (both active and passive) or the opposition and obstruction of new roles and responsibilities (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674). Other negative factors in the context of nursing care that would act as barriers would include the fact that the personal beliefs of some practitioners may actively promote discriminatory care (which is called, by Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002 corruption of care) (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397 -398). In particular, within nursing, the definition of facilitation is more closely related to the before stated term of change, and more particularly to the promotion of communication between organizations (Simmons, 2003, p. 42). In the first paragraphs of this essay emancipatory and transformational Practice Development were mentioned. Such concepts have especial focus on facilitation, and as stated before this facilitation has two types, the inside and the outside. However, McCormack et al (2007) have stated that such a division is too simplistic but it is useful when clarifying terms. Outsider or external facilitators involve project planning and learning expertise on nursing discipline (in this case) that may be missing within the organization. Internal facilitators for Project Development, however, have a more direct role in day-today facilitation (Unknown, 2003, p. 259). Nursing practice development can make a significant contribution to the improvement of patient and service user experiences and to the modernization of intensive care services through its focus on improving workplace cultures and learning. McCormack and Titchen (2006) recommend key policy and strategy stakeholders need to be targeted in order to develop a strategic way forward for connecting practice development methods with service/systems developments, set within a modernization and risk management agenda. Clearly Nursing Managers can influence this area at various strategic interfaces in the course of their work (Dewing, 2008, p. 139). CONCLUSION To start concluding, the term practice development has been, therefore, used to describe a range of approaches, methods and processes in organising and delivering diverse changes in nursing practice for many years (Dewing, 2008, p. 134). Thus there are plenty of evidence who assure that improved outcomes are not just a result of numbers of staff, but are more related to the staff level of training and skills. (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675 -2678) Tasks of facilitation and in particular of facilitation in nursing would more concretely include: leading meetings and developing systems and programmes; the assessment and monitoring of care and data collection and the undertaking of joint clinical consultation with practice nurses (Simmons, 2003, p. 45). The facilitator/educator nurse is in charge of providing and locating resources. Therefore, nursing facilitation for practice development must be addressed by a facilitator who provides a focus for nurses to obtain the information they require to pursue a professional or practice development goal (as stated by Thornbory, 1999 and recollected in Simmons, 2003, p. 45). A nurse in that role will be effective if counts on a series of qualities such as: personal confidence, formal education, training and preparation; supervision, feedback from other professionals or organizations, assertiveness and negotiation skills and experience in his/her specialty. It is also important if the nurse facilitator can count on a supportive organizational culture (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674) What it is undeniable is that facilitation needs of critical thinking. Since facilitation should involve confronting, questioning and critical reflection (as pointed out in Simmons, 2003, p. 44), critical thinking is a key element to enable professionals (and concretely nurses) within an organization to understand the different elements that create a clinical situation. Nursing facilitation, concretely, will need to count on critical thinking in order to improve nurses skills and knowledge. In order to achieve that, a nurse educator with the suitable nursing expertise or practice development nurse must be appointed. New nursing staff in critical care need to easily identify their nurse educator in order to ensure their continued development after the orientation period (Unknown author, 2003, p. 264). This facilitates the learning culture within the organization in which evidence-based practice can be developed to meet the needs of the patients (Unknown, 2003, p. 263). As a matter of fact an expert nurse in critical care with highly developed technical skills and supportive knowledge will be helpful in extending the knowledge, and consequently the role of intensive care nurses. The latter is in fact a very controversial topic lately; however it is not the topic of this essay. As an example of facilitation and its practical application it can be say t hat it can assure advance practice in: cannulation, venepuncture, ordering blood tests and X-rays; performing physiotherapy; inserting arterial lines; performing elective cardioversion; thrombolysis treatment and intubation (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675). As Rutherford et al 2005 (and it was recollected in Sarivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674) assert, the organizational infrastructure is central in encouraging new roles and establish the perfect framework for debate. Therefore, effectiveness in intensive care nursing includes facilitator skills such as adaptability, prior experience, personal confidence and assertiveness. Training and preparation, feedback from other professionals and a supportive organizational culture are also signaled by Lloyd Jones, 2005 as needed skills (and as it is recollected in Srivastava et al,2008, p. 2675). A key element for critical thinking and advanced practice in nursing is without any doubt autonomy. Autonomy is defined by Fairley, 2003 (as found in King and MacLeod, 2002, p. 322) with three other terms: (independence, identity and authority) with an additional dimension of self-determination. Expert critical care practitioners in any field will use intuition. In fact King and LcLeod (2002, p. 322) have developed a research on the intuition used by nurses at different levels of practice in decision-making. Autonomy and intuition are key elements of an effective advanced practice performance. It is also necessary to note that, as stated before, the debate about the expansion of nursing roles in intensive care in the UK has been created years ago. Before a change like such occurs it is necessary to note that clarity about training, status, authority, career structure and remuneration must be clear. Nowadays, the context of care in nursing have experimented a series of innovations which profound changes, especially in the field of the working relationships between nurses and medical staff. It is also necessary to note that Intensive Care nursing is a quite new field (which developed into a separate category around 1995, English, 1997) which appeared in order to ensure that patients with an uncomplicated recovery will always be attended. Nowadays, critical care practitioners make all decisions about routine management and over combined roles of anaesthetist, perfusionist and intensivist while carrying on with conventional nursing care. Facilitation and practice development are therefore key issues for intensive care nursing. The implementation of critical care practitioners needed of training and improvement of quality of care merits (English, 1997). Also it needed of three main steps: to give the appropriate title to the nurses depending on the specialist training they received, to give them the necessary authority to act independently, commensurate with the responsibility that they already carried and changes in the salary which, allegedly reflect the value of the work and helped retaining the staff. In Englishs (1997) words: Trusts now have more freedom to set appropriate terms and conditions of service for staff, but support is also needed from the nursing authorities and the Department of Health. Concluding, it is noticeable that there is a clearly positive relationship between research utilization and attitude toward that research, the extended use of professional nursing journals among clinical nurse educators and higher levels of education. In fact, despite the fact that not all intensive care practitioners have the necessary critical approaches and skills (and evidence-based practice research) to use research effectively in practice, such new field like critical care nursing is evolving in the good directions thanks to the use of those facilitators among other factors. The latter affirmation is based on some studies that have been lately developing a deeper approach into clinical nurse educators and the determinants of their research utilization behaviour in clinical practice. Furthermore, it is necessary to point out that it is necessary further research and improvements in the field, especially research on the outcomes of research utilization, including the effectiveness of their role as educators/facilitators and the organization and, over all, contexts in which they practice. Finally, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) standards on effective workplace culture are going to be used in order to clarify which vital areas need to be encouraged for an effective culture: the need of developing person-centeredness, also developing individual, team and service effectiveness, developing evidence-based health care including knowledge of utilization, transfer and evidence development and developing an effective workplace culture (Dewing, 2008, p. 136).

Cholera Essay examples -- Vibrio cholerae Infection Disease

Cholera The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is â€Å"a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum† (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted. Introduction Cholera is a disease caused by the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestines. Usually, the illness is mild, and for some, symptoms of cholera never even present, but sometimes, the disease can also be severe. A severe case of cholera is â€Å"characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment). Normally, in a gentler case of cholera, the infected person only has mild diarrhea. â€Å"In 5-10% of cases, however, patients develop very severe watery diarrhea and vomiting from 6 hours to 5 days after exposure to the bacterium. In these cases, the loss of large amounts of fluids can rapidly lead to severe dehydration. In the absence of adequate treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Ca... ...a Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment." MedicineNet.Com. 31 Aug. 2005. . 9.) "Cholera: Treatment." MayoClinic.Com. 30 Mar. 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. . 10.) "Frequently Asked Questions and Information for Travellers." World Health Organization. . 11.) Goodwin, Charles S., ed. Microbes and Infections of the Gut. Melbourne, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. 103-113. 12.) O'neal, Jackie. "Bengladesh Medical Study on Cholera." Kidsnewsroom.Org. 13.) "Treatment of Cholera." World Health Organization. . Cholera Essay examples -- Vibrio cholerae Infection Disease Cholera The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is â€Å"a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum† (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted. Introduction Cholera is a disease caused by the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestines. Usually, the illness is mild, and for some, symptoms of cholera never even present, but sometimes, the disease can also be severe. A severe case of cholera is â€Å"characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. In these persons, rapid loss of body fluids leads to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment). Normally, in a gentler case of cholera, the infected person only has mild diarrhea. â€Å"In 5-10% of cases, however, patients develop very severe watery diarrhea and vomiting from 6 hours to 5 days after exposure to the bacterium. In these cases, the loss of large amounts of fluids can rapidly lead to severe dehydration. In the absence of adequate treatment, death can occur within hours† (Cholera Symptoms, Ca... ...a Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment." MedicineNet.Com. 31 Aug. 2005. . 9.) "Cholera: Treatment." MayoClinic.Com. 30 Mar. 2007. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. . 10.) "Frequently Asked Questions and Information for Travellers." World Health Organization. . 11.) Goodwin, Charles S., ed. Microbes and Infections of the Gut. Melbourne, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. 103-113. 12.) O'neal, Jackie. "Bengladesh Medical Study on Cholera." Kidsnewsroom.Org. 13.) "Treatment of Cholera." World Health Organization. .

Cause and Effects of Divorce :: Marriage Divorce

What is a marriage? According to Webster’s dictionary,† marriage is an institution whereby men and women are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. Marriage is also an intimate or close union.† Marriages don’t always last and result in divorces. Two of the leading causes of a divorce are lack of foundation and lack of communication. Almost half of American marriages now end in divorce. One cause of marriages ending in divorce is lack of foundation. Why should a couple get married if they have nothing in common? Marriages tend to end in divorce when a couple does not share core values, beliefs, or expectations. In a marriage sharing the same interest and passions is important. If a couple doesn’t share the same values, beliefs, or expectations and don’t have common interest or passions, just what is the foundation of their marital relationship? Another cause of marriages ending in a divorce is the lack of communication. Many couples lack the proper communication when it comes to decision making. When a couple is able to communicate they are able to solve their problems verbally. Disagreements due to lack of communication often lead to arguments. Lack of communication may also cause financial problems, when couples to communicate about their shared finances. Failure to communicate may lead to behavior problems children involved in the relationship. Children tend to like to manipulate their parents when there are communication problems. Communication is the key within any relationship, not just marital relationships. To avoid having a marriage end in a divorce, be sure the relationship is built upon a strong foundation.

Why Walk

Why walk walking as a perfect form of exercise. There are definite benefits of walking to both your physical and mental wellness. the original zero-emission transport We all know the environment could do with a helping hand, and by swapping your car for your feet you’ll be doing just that. Walking, as well as being one of the cheapest ways of getting around, is also the smartest for our planet. You won’t leave a carbon footprint, just your own. did you know? If we all swapped one car journey a week for walking instead, car traffic levels would reduce by at least 10%;We all know we need to reduce our CO2 emissions. By changing some of our travel behaviour, we all have the power to contribute and act on climate change; Local shops are easy to reach on foot and using them helps to support local business and save food miles; Less busy roads will give us safer and quieter streets – who knows, we may even see more children playing outside just like we used to. It's fre e! There's no special skill, training, or equipment needed – all you need is the right footwear Walking is free. Walking doesn’t involve bulky and expensive vehicles or dangerous fuel.Walking doesn’t produce excess carbon dioxide or fumes or cause noise pollution Walking is a more efficient use of space: 20 times as many people can move in the same space by walking as in a car Walking and public transport are perfect partners. If we all swapped one car journey a week for walking instead, car traffic levels would reduce by at least 10%. If every car driver in the UK left their car at home once a month and walked for 20 minutes instead, we could save up to 320,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, the same amount produced by 50,000 homes.Car users regularly suffer up to three times as much pollution as pedestrians because they are sitting in traffic in the line of exhaust fumes from the car in front. Walking also has indirect environmental benefits. The more we walk, the more we take an interest in our surroundings. The more people use parks, green spaces, attractive urban public spaces and the countryside, the more likely it is that money will be spent to preserve, maintain and improve them. Walking helps create better and more prosperous places to live People on foot are likely to spend more at local shops and businesses.More people out walking on the streets helps deter crime and makes places feel safer. Before industrialisation took place there were some alternatives such as riding animals, horse drawn carriages and water transport, but walking must have been by far the most substantial transport mode. The Roman roads of 2000 years ago were predominantly used by pedestrians. Conflicts between pedestrians and wheeled traffic did occur, however, especially in urban areas. For example Hass-Klau (1990) mentions that Julius Caesar banned chariots from the streets in Rome between sunrise and sunset to offer space to the pedestrian.Since the nineteenth century the development of railway and highway systems have led to dramatic changes in travel behaviour towards motorised transport modes. In addition, the bicycle became available as a possible substitute for the pedestrian. Why Not Walk? We’re all good at thinking of reasons why not to get more active, but there are many more reasons why we should. Regular walking improves your general health and reduces your risk of heart disease, some cancers, and Type 2 diabetes. It’s also a great way to lose weight, improve your fitness and your mental health and wellbeing.Read more about the benefits of walking. For those who still aren’t convinced, here are some answers to the most common excuses! â€Å"I don’t have the time. † Walking is by far the easiest exercise to fit into a busy lifestyle since you can do it anywhere at a time that suits you. Every minute you spend walking is quality time, rather than sweating on a packed bus or train or fu ming in a traffic jam. You’ll still have to make a little effort to find time, but remember active people live longer and have a healthier old age – so think of your walking time as a good investment. â€Å"I don’t know any good places to walk. Sometimes main roads don’t feel pleasant and safe for walkers. But there are plenty of quieter streets, parks, watersides and green spaces even in busy urban areas if you know where to look for them. Read more about finding good places to walk and free walking routes for beginners. â€Å"I don’t feel safe on the streets. † It’s understandable that people are concerned for their personal safety and security – but it’s a great shame if this stops you enjoying the benefits of walking. If you can, walk with a companion, or read our advice on staying safe. Also, the more people walk, the safer the streets will be. I don’t have anyone to walk with. † Why not ask your famil y, friends and colleagues if they’re interested in walking with you? Or try an organised programme or led walk. Read more about walking in a group. Where people walk Walking is a common movement in urban transport, as nearly everyone is a pedestrian for part of their trips, but walking as a means of transport is often overlooked walking should not be neglected in these countries as it also is important in connection with other modes. for example, walking from the parking place to the final destination; biking to the railway station, etc.

How Much Land Does a Man Need Essay

Realism, as the word implies, deals with reality as its subject, that is, putting emphasis on what is happening in the real world, rather than stressing emotions as a source of aesthetic experience. In literature, it often focuses on moral or ethical choices such that it gives emphasis on the actions by the characters rather than the actual plot of the story. Characters are also portrayed with motive, more often than not, in relation to the view of their social class. In realism, sensational and dramatic elements that are often found in naturalism and romances are avoided. The short stories â€Å"The Bet† and â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † are examples of literature in the style of realism which focuses on the ethical choices of the characters in relation to their social class. â€Å"The Bet† focuses on the materiality of the world. It gave contrasts to the materialistic world view of the banker, and the simplicity of the young man in the story. Although the question at the beginning is whether or not the death penalty is worse than life imprisonment, the story has not given an answer to it (it was not its intention to answer this anyway), but rather, it presented views of morality. It altogether despises materiality. The young man at the end of the story proclaimed: â€Å"It is all worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage†¦ I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth. I don’t want to understand you† (Chekrov). Like â€Å"The Bet,† â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † criticizes the human sense of materiality. The story, however, shifts its focus on greed. It differs with â€Å"The Bet† in the sense that while â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need? † does not necessarily condemn acquiring material possession in this world, it presented a question of how much of this material possession does man really need. Pahom, the main character in the story, was given the opportunity to acquire land of his own, but was overcome by greed many times throughout the story. In the end, this greed was the cause of his death. The moral of the story is that man should only take what is necessary for living, nothing in excess. The story also implies that man cannot take in death what man possess in life. Works Cited Chekrov, Anton. â€Å"The Bet† Tolstoy, Leo. â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need†

“Born For Liberty” by Sara M. Evans Essay

The Introduction part of the book Born for Liberty by Sara M. Evans is the written path of being informed of the History of Women in America. As it is mentioned in the first few pages of this book, there is a lack of information that we need to fill in ourselves. We have all heard from many historians specially, that our World cannot take the right direction if it finds its past obscured and hard to be seen! I believe a lot of things are connected to each other, and history is one of the most relevant part of our globe and the reason being is because we depend on what our ancestors had been through! The fact that I am using the word depend might confuse you by giving you the wrong idea! In the past, there have been a lot of wonderful, but without forgetting to mention the â€Å"not so pretty† moments that people have lived years ago! Historians are the ones who are willing to examine and study the roots of out life in order to offer us the opportunity to improve our chances of the event that might happen again as it usually does when there are pieces of the puzzle missing! We learn from what had happened to our ancestors, and this way we figure out something else that should improve our life, and diminishing the chances of something ugly to happen again! I guess, all of us know that there has been an abundance of distinct wars in many different countries, and as the years are going by we are reducing the numbers of wars around the world and that is because we learned from the other’s mistakes! Now going back to the main topic, the history of Women in America, there is a great deal to talk about! Everybody, even my little sister can notice that women are kind of excluded from our History and it has always been that way till’ now! There was always this vision we had in our minds, that there was always a HE rather than a SHE! We always viewed women as weak creatures designed only for housework, and offering pleasure to the man she stands by! If you have noticed, the fairy tails and the other old stories we have heard during the years we grew, there was always the prince, the hero, the superman, etc! Well, I think it is time for us to have a look at the female part of the world and try to accept their accomplishments during the years that have passed! Women were always excluded from most formal public roles, and as the years passed they learned how to be heard and Sara M. Evans  supports really well this idea by giving a good example of this that is mentioned in the introduction part of the book when it says: † The most extreme example is the women of Salem, Massachusetts; as accused witches, accusers, and witnesses, these women held an entire colony in thrall for months† (Evans 4). There have also been feminist historians who have dedicated their lives primarily to clear the bad opinion people saved relating to women. Now it is more than obvious and lucid that women have really shaped the broader history and they have given it the flavor it lacked back then! They were the ones who helped to solve the uncountable problems the government had with the immigrants, the ethnic problems and the other ones that would still be present if it wasn’t for the intellectual women who set goals to themselves! This is what Sara M. Evans is trying to explain in her book Born For Liberty!

An Utopian Society

Utopian society where all your needs are taken care of by someone else sounds wonderful to many people. In a socialist society, everyone is taken care of, given a job, and the government handles the â€Å"business end† of things. Capitalism, on the other hand, is a very different society model where citizens are pushed to success by their own merit, production and prices are based on supply and demand, and business models are efficient. This sounds like a lot of work, but is better in the long run. While Socialism has some benefits, Capitalism is a greater system of society as it allows citizens more control in their own society. Most importantly, capitalism pushes citizens to create their own wealth through competition. You are what you choose to be. If you wish to own a business, you can. If you desire to make more money, you can. If you desire to gain further education or training to get out of a low level job, you can. In a capitalistic society, those who work hard move ahead. Those who desire to push themselves will reap the benefits they, themselves, have sown. In a socialist society, everyone works for the greater good. Even if it's not a particularly important job, you have one. The main idea behind socialism is equality – to lessen the gap between rich and poor. Then, some may say, that because of the competition-based mentality of capitalism, it creates an equality gap. This is true, there is a huge gap between those who are extremely successful and those who are barely scraping by. However, those at the bottom have the opportunity to become better – if they desire and have the drive to do so. Secondly, the two society models differ in who controls production of goods. In a socialist society, the government controls production of goods and also implements price controls. Because of this, you either pay the price for the item or do without – there is no searching for a lower price at a competitor. Again, it's the idea of being equal and fair. In a capitalistic society, production of goods is done by private businesses, not the government. Therefore, production of goods and their costs are based on a supply and demand system. This creates a greater possibility of wealth because if you produce a good product at a fair price, people will buy it. A downside that can arise in a capitalistic society is that of monopolies in business. To that we can refer back to the first idea of striving to be better (than your competitor). If there is a company that makes a product and they have a corner on the market that you're not happy with, simply create a better product or one at a better price. The opportunity is there for you to achieve in a capitalistic society. Lastly, since socialism and capitalism differ in how they produce goods, there is also a different mentality behind their production process. Capitalism is concerned with making the most profit, so business models are more efficient than those in a socialist society that are run by the government. Businesses in a capitalistic market are concerned with making as much profit as possible. Therefore, they will streamline their business practices so that they can produce the best product possible for the lowest price in order to increase their profit. Oftentimes in socialist societies, where the government controls production, there are no incentives to streamline business. You make the same amount of money, whether it takes you two days to create a product or a week. Some may say that the hunt for the almighty dollar in a capitalistic society causes businesses to cut corners or do sloppy work. This can certainly happen, however that business will find that their consumer base disappears if they are producing less than quality work. Which again, pushes us back to the first point of competition in a capitalist society. In the end, while socialism sounds like an idealistic society in which no one is poor, everyone has a job, and food in their stomachs, one will find there are many flaws to the system. Instead, a society based on capitalism is a far superior model because it creates a culture of competition to succeed and achieve, allows companies to create products based on demand and prices based on supply, and lastly keeps businesses streamlined and efficient. While there are obvious possible downfalls to this type of society, it is still a superior option to a society in which you are told what you will be, have no opportunities to change that, and everything is controlled by the government.

The rise of Renaissance culture

The rise of Renaissance culture was predetermined by the assortment of disparate events and ideas surfacing during the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries. The most important concept to come out of all the innovative developments of the late fourteenth century was a renewed belief in the power and the majesty of the human being. An interest to individuality was a line of demarcation between the medieval period, where God was the center, and the epoch of Renaissance.The Renaissance is viewed as culmination of a general rebirth of humanistic pursuits and a freeing of the artist from the restrictive dogma of the medieval Church. The status of art and the artist shifted significantly and our contemporary views on both are based very much on certain assumptions about the role of art in culture that were first developed during the Renaissance. It was in the Renaissance that the role of artist went from simple maker to that of creator (with individual genius) – the appellation once reserved only to God.As a consequence, art took on even greater significance becoming not only an expression of its age and its means of production but also the very embodiment of genius. Filippo Brunelleschi fairly takes the place of such a genius. It was he, the Italian architect and sculptor, who made revolutionary discoveries in architecture. This Florentine was the first and perhaps the most distinguished of the Renaissance architects. The best support for the veracity of this statement is Brunelleschi’s solution for the dome of Florence Cathedral, the building that made him most complete and representative Renaissance artist.The story of Brunelleschi’s success begins with his failure. In 1401 the competition for a pair of bronze doors for Baptistery was announced (Web Gallery of Art). This was to be one of the greatest competitions at the age, and it pitted two of Florence’s most talented young artists against each other: Fili ppo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. The competition asked each artist to submit design of cast bronze around the subject of the sacrifice of Isaac. Brunelleschi lost the bid. But this perhaps initial loss was the Renaissance’s gain in that his later discoveries in architecture were to prove revolutionary.At the time of competition the Florence Cathedral was still unfinished. The problem was how to successfully bridge the enormous area of central tower without the use of flying buttresses, which were out of question because of their obvious incompatibility with the beautiful Romanesque marble exterior. Brunelleschi studied many ancient building projects in Rome such a Parthenon and suggested that a dome could in fact be built without the visual distraction created by buttressing. His answer was the implementation of classical vaulting techniques.Thus Brunelleschi’s innovative design provided further evidence of the new sensibility of Renaissance art. Brunelleschi und erstood that the principles of buttressing were useful in spreading the enormous weight of a dome over a greater expanse – thereby alleviating much of stress on the walls and foundation of the structure. He thus concluded that the tall supporting walls of the dome had to be constructed with tribunes, small offshooting extensions from the original walls, which would act as the original buttress, to disperse weight over a wider area.In this way Brunelleschi manipulated the basic tenets of medieval cathedral construction to better serve the interests of the new church. Clearly, however, it was the dome itself that created such awe among the Florentines. No structure like it had been attempted in Europe since antiquity, and never before on such an immense scale. In 1420 he began to build the Cathedral dome, a vast octagonal structure crowned by an enormous lantern designed by Brunelleschi alone.His solution was to create a dome within a dome, which would further support the exter ior weight effectively while removing the need for interior armatures or any other superfluous accessories that would distract from the simplicity of the construction. The outer dome was thus constructed as a light skin or cover, exhibiting great visual authority over the Florence skyline. The use of â€Å"spiraling courses of herringbone brickwork, iron chains and sloping masonry rings to bind the dome together, and ribs joining the shells† (King, 87) are his inventions, although owe much to his studies of Roman structures.Brunelleschi’s genius lay in his abilities to combine ancient and modern aesthetic, architectural, and engineering principles. The result was a resurgence in dome architecture, since now architects possessed both the skill and technical know-how to attempt structures which had only years before been thought impossible. In the words of Vasari, Brunelleschi â€Å"was sent by Heaven to invest architecture with new forms, after it had wandered astray f or many centuries† (Vasari, 104).The ‘new forms’ were those of Classical antiquity, which Brunelleschi applied to such building types as cathedrals and basilican churches for which there were no ancient precedents. In these schemes he was the first since antiquity to make use of the Classical orders; at the same time he employed a proportional system of his own invention, in which all units were related to a simple module, the mathematical characteristics of which informed the entire structure. Brunelleschi worked almost exclusively in Florence, and many features link his architecture with the Romanesque heritage of that city.Nevertheless, he was beyond question responsible for initiating the rediscovery of ancient Roman architecture. He understood its inherent principles and he employed them in an original manner for the building tasks of his own day. So what we may conclude from Brunelleschi’s technical breakthrough that in the best way complied with Rena issance requirements? First, it must be remembered that had it not been for the renewed interest in Classical thought and culture, it is doubtful that artist like Brunelleschi would have sought inspiration from Roman architecture such as a Pantheon.It was not that artists and architects had not been interested in such building solutions before Brunelleschi comes on the scene, but simply that most looked toward more spiritual and divine art forms. Brunelleschi’s dome is by design a stable and symmetrical structure. It possesses attributes that visually mimic the emerging Renaissance ideas of harmony and equilibrium over the obedience and superstition that had marked the previous age. In this way, the innovative dome construction situates itself as a vivid reminder of the greatest influences its creator had in his time. Works Cited PageKing, Ross Brunelleschi’s Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture, New York: Walker and Company, 2000 Vasari, Giorgio. The Lives of the Artists. Transl. by Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998 â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Biography† from Web Gallery of Art Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /bio/b/brunelle/biograph. html â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Cupola† from Florence Art Guide Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. mega. it/eng/egui/monu/bdd. htm â€Å"Filippo Brunelleschi† from Wikipedia Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi

A rose for emily by Faulkner Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A rose for emily by Faulkner - Research Paper Example Since the story takes place in the 1930s, the government was not very serious in investigating matters affecting the society. Immoral acts took place in the presence of government watch. However, the government has changed its ways of operation since the 1900s. It has included inclusion of the intelligence service that gathers data before an atrocity has happened. The story symbolizes the failure of the society to accept change occurring and uses Emily as he symbol to reveal immorality in the society. According to Faulkner after the war, the Southerners resisted to change by clinging to their past instead of adopting the new ways and techniques of doing things. This led to the reconstruction era in the United Sates history where the rebellious Southerners were helped to get out of slavery. This act reveals many societies in our day-to-day life. Up to date, there are increased populations of the Black Americans in the Southern Sates of the United States increased due to rebellious cit izens. Some communities currently prefer to stick to their outdated ways, cultural beliefs and customs. In the story of â€Å"A rose for Emily,† is a symbol of the ‘inner circle’ of development. ... This is evident when the writer says, â€Å"Only now Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and gasoline pump-a eyesore among eyesores" (Faulkner 9). The statement reveals that the south had been living in the dark without technology or new ideas or ways of doing things. The dark moments in the society are reflected in the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† when Emily decides to lock herself inside the house after her fathers death. Emily behaves in a way that surprises her societies members who had come pay respect to her dead father but instead of being in a mourning state she acts as if nothing had happened. She then reveals the dark side moment of the town people when she intentionally refuses to pay taxes and refers people as a man who has been dead for ten years (Faulkner 10). The societies are less concerned about the issue and she does no go to jail. In comparison to the present world, action is taken to the indiv iduals who neglect paying the taxes. The town people do not take any action because is a reflective symbol of society and its old and unenlightened ways of handling issues concerning the society and its economy. These acts reflect how the society is not ready to let go of the wicked old ways. The story also reflects the old day practices by overlooking on the issue of house numbers and mailboxes are being implemented and issued in town. Emily refuses to have them and plans to stick to the old malpractices. Moreover, when the next generation starts ruling over the town with their modern ideas, the issue creates dissatisfaction to some individuals within the society. Some of the southerners stick to the old south ideas. This is evident where Emily is giving China painting lessons to the children most